SUGARCANE HAS A long history as a source of roughage in animal feed but the relatively low nutritional value of unmodified sugarcane material has meant that it has remained primarily a tool to support subsistence agriculture. Herein, we described laboratory and pilot-scale experiments to modify the structure and chemistry of sugarcane crop residues and unlock their potential as solid and liquid animal feed ingredients. Alkaline conditioning at room temperature resulted in modest changes in the composition of bagasse but increased the digestibility of the cellulose in the fibre from 12% to 27%. Increasing the temperature of alkaline conditioning up to 100 °C improved cellulose digestibility to a maximum of 37% and increased both neutral detergent fibre and acid detergent fibre content. In contrast, the benefits of room temperature acid conditioning of bagasse were minimal and there was minimal benefit in increasing the temperature of acid-catalysed conditioning up to 100 °C. Sugar syrups were produced from bagasse and trash at the QUT Mackay Renewable Biocommodities Pilot Plant. The syrups contained sugars derived from the hemicellulose fraction of the fibres and the maximum total sugars content was 60% that of final molasses. The data provide an insight into the opportunities to convert bagasse into a more digestible animal feed fibre source and trash into a potential substitute for molasses in ruminant feed.