Effect of Phytocercomonas venanatans, the causal agent of chlorotic streak, on yield of commercial sugarcane cultivars

Results show that the minor head loss for VRI valves is a maximum 3.6 m head for CP and LM nozzle discharge rates and may suggest the need for improvements in hydraulic systems supplying VRI machines especially those irrigating fields with moderate variability. Depending on the discharge and duty cycle, the on-and-off pulsing of VRI valves generate pressure-wave transients of magnitudes that can be 4?6 times greater than the system operating pressure. These pressure transients cause variations greater than ?1.0 m in regulated pressure, which is likely to affect sprinkler performance and the resulting water-application depths, in addition to posing threats on equipment safety.